There are two primary classifications of cannabis, namely sativa and indica, which are employed for various medicinal and recreational applications. Sativa predominantly elicits an invigorating impact, whilst indica induces a calming effect and can facilitate sleep.
Things to consider
Certain individuals within the cannabis industry have shifted their terminology from “indica,” “sativa,” and “hybrid” to categorize the various “strains” or, more accurately, “chemovars.”
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- Type I: high THC
- Type II: THC/CBD combined
- Type III: high CBD
The cannabis industry is increasingly shifting its terminology from “strains” to chemovars (chemical variants), as the term “strain” is commonly associated with bacteria and viruses.
Below are instructions on selecting the appropriate plant for your requirements, strains to take into account, possible adverse reactions, and further details.
What should you look for to understand strain effects?
The commonly accepted guideline is that sativa is more stimulating and energetic, whilst indica is more tranquil and soothing – however the situation is not as straightforward.
Different plants have diverse effects, even within the same cannabis kind. The outcome is contingent upon the chemical composition of the plant and the specific cultivation method employed.
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are a multitude of chemical substances found in cannabis plants.
The presence of these inherent constituents is accountable for generating a multitude of outcomes, encompassing both adverse and beneficial consequences, associated with the consumption of cannabis.
The functional properties of various cannabinoids remain incompletely elucidated by researchers; nonetheless, two primary cannabinoids have been found, namely tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
Less common compounds include:
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- Cannabinol (CBN): CBN is used to ease symptoms and side effects of some neurological conditions.
- Tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA): This is similar to THC but has no psychoactive effects.
- Cannabigerol (CBG): CBG is thought to help reduce anxiety and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression.
Terpenes
Considerable emphasis is placed on the quantification of THC and CBD within a certain cannabis variety; nevertheless, scholarly investigations indicate that terpenes may possess comparable potency.
Terpenes are a class of naturally-occurring chemicals found in the cannabis plant, which have the potential to impact the unique effects exhibited by different strains.
Expand your knowledge on the prevalent terpenes found in cannabis.
Sativa in-depth
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- Origin: Cannabis sativa is found primarily in hot, dry climates with long sunny days. These include Africa, Central America, Southeast Asia, and portions of Western Asia.
- Plant description: Sativa plants are tall and thin with finger-like leaves. They can grow to about 6 feet (ft) or 2 meters (m). They take longer to mature than some other types of cannabis.
- Typical CBD-to-THC ratio: Sativa often has lower doses of CBD and higher doses of THC, whereas indica tends to have less THC than CBD.
- Commonly associated effects of use: Sativa often produces a “mind high” or an energizing, anxiety-reducing effect.
- Daytime or nighttime use: Because of its stimulating effects, sativa is often used in the daytime.
- Popular strains: Various sativa strains may be used for different purposes
Indica in-depth
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- Origin: Cannabis indica is native to Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Turkey. The plants have adapted to the often harsh, dry, and turbulent climate of the Hindu Kush mountains.
- Plant description: Indica plants are short and stocky with bushy greenery and chunky leaves that grow wide and broad. They grow faster than sativa, and each plant produces more buds.
- Typical CBD-to-THC ratio: Indica strains often have higher levels of CBD, but the THC content isn’t necessarily less.
- Commonly associated effects of use: Indica is sought after for its intensely relaxing effects. It may also help reduce nausea and pain and increase appetite.
- Daytime or nighttime use: Because of its deep relaxation effects, indica is typically consumed at night.
- Popular strains: Like sativa, there are also various indica strains.
Hybrid in-depth
Each year, cannabis growers produce new and unique strains from different combinations of parent plants. These cannabis hybrids are often grown to target specific effects.
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- Origin: Hybrids are typically grown on farms or in greenhouses from a combination of sativa and indica plants.
- Plant description: The appearance of hybrid strains depends on the combination of the parent plants.
- Typical CBD-to-THC ratio: Many hybrid cannabis plants are grown to increase the THC percentage, but each type has a unique ratio of the two cannabinoids.
- Commonly associated effects of use: Farmers and producers select hybrids for their unique effects. They can range from reducing anxiety and stress to easing symptoms of chemotherapy or radiation.
- Daytime or nighttime use: This depends on the predominant effects of the hybrid.
- Popular strains: Hybrids are typically classified as indica-dominant (indica-dom), sativa-dominant (sativa-dom), or balanced.
Ruderalis in-depth
A third type of cannabis, Cannabis ruderalis, also exists. However, it’s not widely used because it usually produces no potent effects.
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- Origin: Ruderalis plants adapt to extreme environments, such as Eastern Europe, the Himalayan regions of India, Siberia, and Russia. These plants grow quickly, which is ideal for the cold, low sunlight environments of these places.
- Plant description: These small, bushy plants rarely grow taller than 12 inches (in), but they grow rapidly. One can go from seed to harvest in little more than a month.
- Typical CBD-to-THC ratio: This strain typically has little THC and higher amounts of CBD, but it may not be enoughTrusted Source to produce any effects.
- Commonly associated effects of use: Because of its low potency, ruderalis isn’t routinely used for medicinal or recreational purposes.
- Daytime or nighttime use: This cannabis plant produces few effects, so that it can be used anytime.
- Popular strains: On its own, ruderalis isn’t a popular cannabis option. However, cannabis farmers may breed ruderalis with other cannabis types, including sativa and indica. The plant’s rapid growth cycle is a positive attribute for producers, so they may want to combine more potent strains with ruderalis strains to create a more desirable product.
Potential side effects and risks
Although cannabis use is often associated with potential benefits, it can also produce unwanted side effects.
Most of these effects are associated with THC, not CBD or other cannabinoids. However, any cannabis product can produce side effects.
The method of use may increase the risk of side effects, too.
For example, smoking or vaping cannabis can irritateTrusted Source your lungs and airways. This may lead to coughing and respiratory problems.
Oral cannabis preparations, such as gummies or cookies, are less likely to affect your overall respiratory health.
However, though the effects are felt more slowly, ingested cannabis, especially THC, is more potent as it converts to 11-hydroxy-THC, which produces stronger psychoactive effects that can last for hours and, in some people, days.
Strains to consider for certain conditions
| Strain | Category | CBD | THC | Conditions |
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| Acapulco Gold | sativa | 0.1% | 15–23% | • fatigue • stress • nausea • pain |
| Blue Dream | hybrid | less than 1% | 30% | • pain • cramps • inflammation • insomnia • mental fog • PTSD |
| Purple Kush | indica | less than 1% | 17–22% | • chronic pain • muscle spasms • insomnia |
| Sour Diesel | sativa | less than 1% | 20–22% | • fatigue • stress • acute pain • mental fog • anxiety • PTSD |
| Bubba Kush | indica | less than 1% | 14–25% | • insomnia • acute pain • nausea • low appetite • PTSD |
| Granddaddy Purple | indica | less than 0.1% | 17–23% | • low appetite • restless leg syndrome • insomnia |
| Afghan Kush | indica | 6% | 16–21% | • acute pain • insomnia • low appetite |
| LA Confidential | indica | 0.3% | 16–20% | • inflammation • pain • stress |
| Maui Waui | sativa | 0.55% | 13–19% | • fatigue • depression |
| Golden Goat | hybrid | 1% | 23% | • depression • anxiety • mental fog • low energy |
| Northern Lights | indica | 0.1% | 16% | • pain • mood disorders • insomnia • low appetite |
| White Widow | hybrid | less than 1% | 12–20% | • low mood • mental fog • social anxiety |
| Super Silver Haze | sativa | less than 0.1% | 16% | • stress • anxiety • mental fog • low energy |
| Pineapple Express | hybrid | less than 0.1% | 23% | • mental fog • acute pain • social anxiety |
| Supernatural | sativa | less than 1% | 22% | • migraine • glaucoma • headache • low mood |
Keep in mind that the effectiveness of cannabinoids and terpenes differs among cultivators, and although specific strains may be beneficial for particular ailments, your personal experience may differ.
How to choose the right product for you
When seeking an appropriate cannabis product, it is advisable to engage in a conversation with the dispensary staff regarding one’s objectives for cannabis consumption, such as addressing sleeplessness, alleviating anxiety, or enhancing energy levels.
Certain varieties, including Pineapple Express, are classified as “entry level.” The effects of these substances are generally gentle and bearable. First-time users may find strains with elevated amounts of THC to be excessively powerful.
Understanding one’s tolerance level and medical history is crucial in order to anticipate potential interactions with drugs.
Every method of cannabis consumption possesses advantages and disadvantages. Smoking or vaping cannabis can expedite the onset of its effects, but it can cause irritation to the lungs and airways.
Gummies, chewable, and other consumables may exhibit greater tolerability, albeit with a prolonged duration of action. They may possess greater potency compared to inhalation as well.
Legality
Cannabis is not universally legal. Several years ago, the majority of regions in the United States prohibited the sale and use of cannabis products. Currently, numerous states have enacted legislation to legalize cannabis for either medical or recreational use, or both.
The rules surrounding CBD are also undergoing changes. Certain states permit the use of CBD for therapeutic purposes, albeit with stringent regulations in place to mitigate the presence of THC-infused CBD products.
Prior to availing yourself of cannabis, familiarize yourself with the legislation in your jurisdiction.
It is important to note that cannabis remains prohibited by federal legislation. Lack of knowledge of the laws in your jurisdiction may result in legal repercussions.
Residing outside the United States may render you liable to distinct legal regulations.
Commonly Asked Questions
Does sativa have an inducing or depressing effect?
Sativa elicits a stimulating impact. Utilizing sativa-dominant strains might induce feelings of productivity and creativity, rather than relaxation and lethargy.
Do you have a greater sense of euphoria after using sativa or indica?
The definition of “high” varies depending on your perspective. Indica generally has a more tranquilizing impact compared to the invigorating effect of sativa.
In conclusion,
If you are interested in exploring the potential benefits of cannabis, it is advisable to consult a medical doctor or other certified healthcare practitioner, or seek guidance from a skilled cannabis clinician.
They can analyze the potential benefits and drawbacks of the product on your personal well-being and assist you in identifying a suitable option that aligns with your requirements.
Subsequently, you might commence perusing your alternatives. Identifying the optimal choice for you may need a significant amount of time. It is possible that individuals may experience limited tolerance towards cannabis.
In states where cannabis has been legalized, individuals have the option to visit a dispensary and engage in conversation with a qualified staff person. They can potentially suggest particular strains or alternative items tailored to your specific requirements.